Can you please try the following and let me know if this helps?
Can you confirm that your network is set up correctly to run Figma? More details about the domain that needs to be allowed can be found here: Adjust your network settings
Can you try connecting via a different network such as a mobile hotspot, and then check if you can publish?
If using any VPN or proxy can you try disabling these and try publishing again?
If the above has not helped, can you please send the following:
A screenshot of what it says when you click 'View settings' in the error in the screenshot you sent?
Does the issue happen in all files, and with all components or just some?
Can you please run the network check detailed in this article and send a screenshot of the results to me?