It really depends, but in most cases a Figma site gets indexed pretty quickly. If the site is public and not blocked by robots.txt, Google can find and index it anywhere from a few hours to a few days. For brand-new sites with no backlinks, it can take a bit longer—sometimes a week or two.
You can speed things up by submitting the URL in Google Search Console, making sure the site is linked from somewhere that’s already indexed, and checking that indexing is enabled in Figma’s site settings. If everything’s set up correctly, it’s usually more a waiting game than a problem.