create just one element and then input the data and create copies for each article on the main page

Where would you input the data? Can you elaborate more of what you wanted to do?

For example, let's say I have 20 other articles to show on the main page, each and every one of them has the same structure. Is there a way for me to create each article view faster (with its own picture, author, date and description) than just modifying the information by hand (adding a new thumbnail pic, modifying the title, authors, date and description by hand, etc.) 

I'm asking because In other softwares like illustrator I've been able to use scripts and a list of numbers or names (In like an excel spreadsheet) in order to create multiple items with the same design but different information (for example, business cards where only the name and contact info of a person changes, birthday invitations, etc.)

I'm really new to figma so I don't know if that's even possible, though. Thank you so much for your help.

You can do something like this:

Make 1 component then use it across your file and you can put all image in one component set then use it as nested instance. Then make props for your texts so you can easily modify them. I haven’t tried or seen anything that connects excel and text layer directly but for the thumbnail pic its possible by making it a nested instance inside your article layout.

Oh, okay!! I'll try that. Thank you so much for your help!!